X1CrNiMoCuN33-32-1

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Fabrication and heat treatment

X1CrNiMoCuN33-32-1 is a wrought alloy and can be readily fabricated by the usual industrial techniques.It is important for the workpieces to be clean and free from any kind of contamination before and during heat treatment.

X1CrNiMoCuN33-32-1 may be damaged if heated in the presence of sulphur, phosporus, lead and other low-melting metals. Such contaminants are also present in marking and temperatureindicating paints or crayons, lubricating grease, oils, fuels and the like.The sulphur content of the fuels should be as low as possible.Natural gas should contain less than 0.1 wt. % sulphur. Fuel oil containing max. 0.5 wt. % sulphur is also suitable.The furnace atmosphere should be neutral to slightly oxidizing and must not fluctuate between oxidizing and reducing. Flame impingement on the metal must be avoided.

Hot working

X1CrNiMoCuN33-32-1 may be hot-worked in the range 1200 to 1000 °C (2190 to 1830 °F). Cooling should be by water quenching or as fast as possible.Heat treatment is recommended after hot working to ensure optimum properties.

For hot working, the material should be charged into the furnace at a maximum working temperature of approx. 1200 °C(2190 °F).

Cold working

Cold working should be carried out on solution heat-treated material. alloy 33 has a much higher work-hardening rate than other austenitic stainless steels and the forming equipment must be adapted accordingly.When cold working is performed, interstage annealing may become necessary.After cold reduction of more than 15 %, final solution heat treatment is recommended.

Heat treatment

Solution heat treatment should be carried out in the temperature range 1100 to 1150 °C (2010 to 2100 °F) preferably at 1120 °C (2048 °F). The material should be charged into the furnace at temperature. Water quenching is essential for thicknesses above 3 mm (1/8 in). Below 3 mm, rapid air cooling may be used. During any heating operation the precautions outlined earlier regarding cleanliness must be observed.

Descaling

Oxides of X1CrNiMoCuN33-32-1 and discoloration adjacent to welds are adherent as on other stainless steels. Grinding with very fine abrasive belts or discs is recommended.Before pickling in a nitric/hydrofluoric acid mixture, oxides must be broken up by grit-blasting or fine-grinding.

Machining

X1CrNiMoCuN33-32-1 should be machined in the solution heattreated condition. The alloy’s high work-hardening rate should be considered, i.e. only low surface cutting speeds are possible compared with low-alloyed standard austenitic stainless steels. Tools should be engaged at all times. Heavy feeds are important in getting below the work-hardened ‘skin’.

Chemical Composition (%) of X1CrNiMoCuN33-32-1