AMS 5610 (UNS S41600 / Type 416) Forged Bars, Rings and Valve Components
Open-die forgings in free-machining 13 % chromium martensitic stainless steel, made to drawing by Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd., Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, China.
AMS 5610 is the SAE Aerospace Material Specification Steel, Corrosion Resistant, 13 Chromium (Free Machining), covering bars and forgings in free-machining martensitic stainless steel. It was first issued on 3 December 1939 and the current revision is AMS5610R, dated 11 June 2023. Type 2 is UNS S41600, the sulfur-bearing grade usually called 416. Type 1 is UNS S41623, the selenium-bearing 416Se.
Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal forges this grade as round, square, flat and hex bars, hollow bars and sleeves, seamless rolled rings, blocks and discs, shafts, and finish-machined valve parts. Enquiries: 0086-189-2135-9659 or sales@steelforgepieces.com.
- Specification
- AMS 5610 Type 2
- UNS
- S41600
- Also known as
- AISI 416, 1.4005
- Family
- Martensitic, free-machining
- Chromium
- 12.0 – 14.0 %
- Machinability
- 110 % of AISI 1212
- Magnetic
- Yes
- Melting point
- About 2714 °F / 1490 °C
Grade description
AMS 5610 covers a high-chromium martensitic stainless steel supplied in the annealed condition as bars and forgings. Sulfur in Type 2, or selenium in Type 1, is added on purpose to break the chip and cut tool wear. That gives the grade the best machinability of any stainless steel, rated at around 110 % of AISI 1212 free-cutting carbon steel. The cost of the addition is poorer weldability, lower ductility and less corrosion resistance than austenitic grades such as 304L or precipitation-hardening grades such as 17-4 PH.
The alloy hardens by heat treatment. Published practice puts the hardening range at 1750–1850 °F (954–1010 °C) with an air or oil quench according to section size, and annealing at 1550–1650 °F (843–899 °C) with slow cooling. A standard test piece should respond to hardening at 35 HRC minimum, and 26–32 HRC is a common working range after temper. Corrosion resistance is highest in the fully hardened and polished condition. Service above about 1000 °F (538 °C) is not recommended, and the grade is not suited to vessels holding gas or liquid under high pressure.
Chemical composition, weight %
| Variant | C | Cr | Mn | Si | P | S | Se | Mo | Ni | Cu |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AMS 5610 Type 2 UNS S41600 / 416 |
0.15 max | 12.0–14.0 | 1.25 max1 | 1.00 max | 0.060 max | 0.15 min (0.15–0.40) |
– | 0.60 max | 0.75 max | 0.50 max |
| AMS 5610 Type 1 UNS S41623 / 416Se |
0.15 max | 11.50–13.50 | 1.25 max | 1.00 max | 0.060 max | 0.40 max2 | 0.18–0.35 | 0.60 max | 0.75 max | 0.50 max |
1 Manganese up to 2.50 % max is allowed for Type 2 in some published limits. 2 Sulfur limits quoted for Type 1 differ between published sources, with some giving 0.030 % max. Chromium is quoted as 12.0–14.0 % in some mill data and 11.50–13.50 % in others.
Ordering point. AMS revision letters are not interchangeable. Quote the revision shown on your drawing, for example AMS5610R, together with the Type, the required delivery condition and the test scope, and the heat will be purchased and certified to that revision.
Mechanical properties
Annealed condition at room temperature
| Property | Imperial | Metric |
|---|---|---|
| Ultimate tensile strength | 75–90 ksi | 517–621 MPa |
| Yield strength, 0.2 % offset | 40–50 ksi | 276–345 MPa |
| Elongation in 2 in. | 15–30 % | 15–30 % |
| Reduction of area | 40–60 % | 40–60 % |
| Hardness | About 241 HB typical, 262 HB often specified as maximum | |
Hardened and tempered, 1 in. round bar, 1800 °F oil quench, 1 hour temper
| Temper °F (°C) |
Yield 0.2 % MPa (ksi) |
Tensile MPa (ksi) |
Elongation % in 2 in. |
Reduction of area % |
Hardness HB |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 300 (149) | 1034 (150) | 1344 (195) | 10 | 40 | 390 |
| 500 (260) | 979 (142) | 1276 (185) | 13 | 45 | 375 |
| 700 (371) | 1007 (146) | 1310 (190) | 13 | 48 | 390 |
| 900 (482) | 896 (130) | 1158 (168) | 14 | 50 | 341 |
| 1000 (538) | 793 (115) | 1000 (145) | 15 | 50 | 300 |
| 1100 (593) | 689 (100) | 862 (125) | 17 | 53 | 262 |
| 1200 (650) | 586 (85) | 758 (110) | 18 | 55 | 225 |
Impact resistance is low, and tempering in the 400–1050 °F (205–566 °C) band is reported to reduce toughness and corrosion resistance. Follow the temper called out on the governing drawing or specification.
Physical properties
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Density | 0.276–0.28 lb/in³, about 7.64–7.75 g/cm³ |
| Melting point | About 2714 °F (1490 °C) |
| Mean thermal expansion | 5.5–5.6 µin/in·°F from 32 to 212 °F; 6.4 at 930 °F; 6.9 at 1450 °F |
| Thermal conductivity | 171.8 Btu·ft/ft²·hr·°F at 212 °F |
| Electrical resistivity | 25.2 µΩ·in at 212 °F; 28.4 µΩ·in at 390 °F |
| Magnetic response | Magnetic in annealed and hardened condition |
Equivalent grades and standards
UNS S41600AISI 416 SAE 51416WS 1.4005 AFNOR Z12CF13BS 970 416S21 BS 970 416S29BS 970 416S37 BS 970 416S41EN56AM EN56BMEN56CM ASTM A582 / SA582ASTM A484 / SA484 ASTM A314QQ-S-763C QQ-S-764BMIL-W-52263 EMS 537UNS S41623 (416Se)
Cross-references are given for guidance. No two standards match exactly, so confirm the controlling specification, revision and condition before release.
Product forms in AMS 5610
Forged bars
Round bars and rods, square and rectangular bars, flat bars and hexagon bars in AMS 5610 and UNS S41600, black-forged or rough-turned, with stock allowance set to your machining plan.
Hollow bars and sleeves
Forged hollow bars, sleeves, bushes and bushings, pipes and tubes, barrels, casings, shells, cylinders, hubs and housings, bored or trepanned from solid forged stock.
Seamless rolled rings
Forged rings and seamless rolled rings, ring-rolled to give continuous circumferential grain flow for races, spacers and retaining rings.
Blocks, discs and plates
Forged blocks, discs and plates in UNS S41600, upset-forged for even properties through the thickness.
Valve components
Valve seats and seat rings, valve stems, valve bodies and bonnets, and trim parts. Valve work is the long-standing application for free-machining 13 % chromium stainless.
Shafts, gears and fasteners
Pump and motor shafts, axles, lead screws, gears and pinions, bolts, nuts and studs, and other machined-to-print AMS 5610 forged parts.
Supply from Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal
Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd. is an open-die forging factory at No.1 Chengxiqiao Road, Zhouzhuang Town, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, China. We forge to customer drawings in carbon steel, alloy steel, tool steel, stainless steel and nickel alloys, so one order can cover AMS 5610 valve trim together with 17-4 PH, 15-5 PH, PH13-8Mo or nickel-alloy parts such as Incoloy 825 and Inconel X-750.
Send the drawing, the AMS 5610 revision letter and Type, the delivery condition and the quantity. We reply with the forging route, heat-treatment plan, test scope and price. Email sales@steelforgepieces.com or call 0086-189-2135-9659.
Common questions
Is AMS 5610 the same as 416 stainless steel?
Yes. AMS 5610 Type 2 is UNS S41600, also designated AISI 416 or SAE 51416. AMS 5610 Type 1 is the selenium-bearing variant UNS S41623, usually called 416Se.
What separates Type 1 from Type 2?
Type 2 uses sulfur at 0.15 % minimum as the free-machining addition and allows higher manganese. Type 1 uses selenium at 0.18 to 0.35 % instead, with manganese held to 1.25 % maximum.
Is the grade magnetic?
Yes. It is martensitic and magnetic in both the annealed and the hardened condition.
Can it be welded?
Welding is normally avoided, since the free-machining addition causes weld problems. If welding is unavoidable, anneal afterwards at about 1450 °F to restore ductility and corrosion resistance.
How much corrosion resistance does it have?
It stands up well to ordinary atmospheric conditions and better than mild steel, but it is below 304L and 17-4 PH. Resistance is best in the fully hardened and polished condition.
Which revision is current?
AMS5610R, issued 11 June 2023. Revisions P, N, M and all earlier issues back to the original of 1939 are listed as historical by SAE.
Is there a minimum order quantity?
No. We forge to drawing, from a single prototype piece up to production batches. Send the drawing to sales@steelforgepieces.com for confirmation.
Specification references
- SAE International, AMS5610, Steel, Corrosion Resistant 13 Chromium (Free Machining), AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee. First issue 3 December 1939, current revision AMS5610R of 11 June 2023.
- ASTM A582 / ASME SA582, free-machining stainless steel bars.
- ASTM A484 / ASME SA484, general requirements for stainless bars, billets and forgings.
- ASTM A314, stainless steel billets and bars for forging.
- Unified Numbering System, UNS S41600 and UNS S41623.
- Property values are compiled from published mill data for annealed and heat-treated 416 bar and are shown for guidance, not as acceptance limits.
Request a quotation
Open-die forging factory. Forged bars, hollow bars, seamless rolled rings, discs, shafts and valve components, made to your drawing.
- Company
- Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd.
- Telephone
- 0086-189-2135-9659
- Address
- No.1 Chengxiqiao Road, Zhouzhuang Town, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu, China
Page published 18 April 2019. Last reviewed 1 October 2026 by Jiangyin Jiangnan Metal Co., Ltd.